PLC Networking Methods

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PLC rack
PLC Rack (Image by UnFlOb from Pixabay)

The methods of PLC networking help to allow communication among PLCs and with other devices in an industrial set-up. Some standard techniques of PLC networking are:

Master-Slave Networking

  • One master device controls the communication with multiple slave devices.
  • Common protocols: Modbus RTU, Profibus.

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Networking

  • Each device can directly communicate with any other device in the network.
  • Popularly used protocols: Ethernet/IP, Modbus TCP/IP.

Client-Server Networking

  • A client requests data or services that the server provides. The server processes and returns the requested information.
  • Common protocols: OPC UA (OLE for Process Control Unified Architecture) and HTTP/HTTPS for web-based interfaces.

Token Ring Networking

  • The devices pass around the network. Each time, only the device holding the token can send data. Thus, it avoids colliding data.
  • Common Protocols: IEEE 802.5 (Token Ring).

Fieldbus Networking

  • A digital, two-way, multi-drop communication link among intelligent field devices.
  • General Protocol: Profibus, Foundation Fieldbus, Control.

Industrial Ethernet

  • Ethernet technology adapted for use in industrial environments, offering high-speed communication and robust performance.
  • Common Protocols: Profinet, Ethernet/IP, Ether.

Wireless Networking

  • Uses wireless communication technologies to link PLCs and other devices.
  • Protocols: Wi-Fi, WirelessHART, ISA100.

Serial Communication

  • Serial ports are used for point-to-point communication between PLCs and other devices.
  • Common Protocols: RS232, RS.

Modbus Networking

  • A universal protocol working in many different communication configurations, such as serial and Ethernet-based networks.
  • Standard protocols: Modbus RTU, Modbus ASCII, and Modbus TCP/IP.

CAN (Controller Area Network)

  • This is a robust vehicle bus standard designed for microcontrollers and devices to enable them to communicate back and forth with each other.
  • Most Common Protocols: CANopen.

Proprietary Networks

  • Custom networking protocols developed by specific PLC manufacturers.
  • Examples: Siemens' S7 Communication, Allen-Bradley's DH+, and.

Each networking method has its advantages and specific use cases, depending on factors like the required communication speed, distance, reliability, and the nature of the industrial environment.

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