Ruchira Silva

 And now, the visionary private space company founded by Elon Musk, SpaceX, has made headlines once again. On July 3, 2024, a Falcon 9 rocket blasted off from Florida's Cape Canaveral Space Force Station into the skies, carrying with it 20 Starlink satellites—13 of them outfitted with direct-to-cell capabilities, which many believe will change the face of global communication. Cell Phone Towers in Space Imagine cellphone towers that orbit the Earth seamlessly without anyone even noticing. These Starlink satellites act as space-based cellphone towers, eliminating dead zones without requiring any phone modifications or special apps. No matter where you are, be it in a busy city or remote area, reliable communication is now at hand. The Amazing Accomplishment of the Falcon 9 After deploying the payload, the Falcon 9 first stage landed on the droneship "A Shortfall of Gravitas" in the Atlantic Ocean. This successfu...

PLC Rack (Image by  UnFlOb  from  Pixabay ) The methods of PLC networking help to allow communication among PLCs and with other devices in an industrial set-up. Some standard techniques of PLC networking are: Master-Slave Networking One master device controls the communication with multiple slave devices. Common protocols: Modbus RTU, Profibus. Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Networking Each device can directly communicate with any other device in the network. Popularly used protocols: Ethernet/IP, Modbus TCP/IP. Client-Server Networking A client requests data or services that the server provides. The server processes and returns the requested information. Common protocols : OPC UA (OLE for Process Control Unified Architecture) and HTTP/HTTPS for web-based interfaces. Token Ring Networking The devices pass around the network. Each time, only the device holding the token can send data. Thus, it avoids colliding data. Common Protocols: IEEE 802.5 (Token Ring). Fieldbus Networking A digi...

The Arduino Uno is one of the most popular and widely used microcontroller boards in the Arduino family. Whether you’re a beginner or an experienced maker, understanding the pinout configuration of the Arduino Uno is essential for building successful projects. In this article, we’ll explore the various pins on the Arduino Uno and their functions. Arduino Uno Pinout Configuration Figure 1: Arduino Uno Pinout Diagram Digital Pins (GPIO): The Arduino Uno has 14 digital pins (labeled D0 to D13). D0 to D13 : These pins can be used for both input and output. They operate at either HIGH (5V) or LOW (0V) voltage levels. Common uses include controlling LEDs, reading switches, and interfacing with digital sensors. Analog Pins: The Arduino Uno has 6 analog pins (A0 to A5). These pins are used for analog input. A0 to A5 : These pins can read voltage levels between 0V and 5V . Use them for reading analog sensors (e.g., temperature sensors, light sensors). PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) Pins:...

What is Arduino? Arduino is an open-source electronics platform that enables you to create interactive projects, prototypes, and electronic gadgets. It was developed in the early 2000s by a team of students and professors at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea (IDII) in Italy. Since then, it has gained immense popularity among hobbyists, students, and professionals worldwide. Key Features of Arduino: Microcontroller Board : The heart of Arduino is a microcontroller (usually an ATmega328P in Arduino Uno) that executes the code you write. It acts as the brain of the project. Development Environment : The Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment) allows us to write, compile, and upload code to the board. Open Source : Arduino’s hardware and software are open source, meaning anyone can modify, improve, and share their designs. Extensive Community : The Arduino community is vibrant and supportive. You’ll find countless tutorials, forums, and projects to learn from. Arduino board t...